A century ago, Douglas Mawson saw his two companions die and found himself stranded in the midst of Antarctic blizzards. His intellectual boldness and skill were matched by a practical initiative and courage which confirms his place among the world's greatest explorers. So. Most Famous Australian Antarctica explorer. Sir Douglas was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, in 1882, and came to Australia, as a child. He is one of Australia's best known and most respected heroes in any field. From December 1911 to March 1913 Hurley worked enthusiastically under arduous conditions, taking both still photographs and movie film, and his high spirits made him a popular and valued member of the team. The Prime Minister, Mr Menzies, tonight said Sir Douglas had been one of the very great men of this century. So both became really sick and Mertz died. Sir Douglas Mawson is widely regarded as Australia’s greatest Antarctic explorer for mapping untrodden areas and surviving some of the most harrowing situations. This was confirmed years later when his geological samples from Cape Denison were examined in detail. If you really want to come to grips with how this happened – the trials, tribulations and sheer heroism that was required to bring it about – you need to visit Mawson’s Huts. Excerpt from Mawson the Survivor (1982). The funeral is expected to be held at 3 p.m. tomorrow. The funeral is expected to be held at 3 p.m. tomorrow. Mawson went on to Main base 39 days alone. Sir Douglas Mawson was an English geologist and the pioneer of Australian Antarctic exploration. © Australian Antarctic Division and the ABC Xavier Mertz sickens. Mawson and one of other companion fought the elements, starvation and frostbite for the entire winter of 1912 (almost two whole months) while trying to return back to base at Cape Denison. Douglas Mawson was born in Yorkshire on May 5, 1882. He married Francisca Adriana (Paquita) Delprat, of Dutch descent, and they had two daughters. His contribution to our … Stella Margaret Gräfin Vitzthum von Eckstaedt, nee McEwin, was one of seven grand children of Australia’s great Antarctic explorer and is the first of them to pass away. What he did know, however, was that Antarctica held great potential for Australia. He attended this school until he graduated in 1899. This article was first published in The Sydney Morning Herald on October 15, 1958. Douglas Mawson died of a cerebral haemorrhage at his home in Brighton, South Australia on 14 October 1958. "He had courage, remarkable ability, great vision and great tenacity," Mr Menzies said. A glimpse, from within the cavern of the Mertz Glacier, Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-1914. 6 men waited for Mawson's team to arrive only Mawson survived out of the three in he's group. Majestic tabular bergs whose crevices exhaled a vaporous azure; lofty spires, radiant turrets and splendid castles; honeycombed masses illumined by … Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 0 0 1. Mawson continued on alone. Mawson was in the three-man party which was the first to reach the Earth's Magnetic South Pole (although some suggest they did not quite make it to the exact spot). Sir Douglas Mawson was a colossus of the heroic age of Antarctic exploration who carried the banner of scientific research to the great white continent and established Australia’s territorial claim. Douglas Mawson attends University Mawson studied mining engineering at the University of Sydney between 1902 and 1905. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Mawson kept his ‘favourite dog’ Admiral D’Urville, who was soon entertaining guests at a reception held by his fiancee’s family (‘To Meet Dr. Douglas Mawson’). Corrections? Sir Douglas Mawson, the unsung hero of Antarctica, gets his due at last This article is more than 7 years old A biography of Sir Douglas Mawson tells how he … I did my term 3 project on Sir Douglas Mawson, who is a Artic explorer and geologist. He was survived by his wife Lady Paquita and his two daughters, Patricia and Jessica. He later added that colitis (inflammation of the colon) may have been the cause. Having won distinction as a member of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Antarctic team (1907-9), he led his own expedition south in 1911. Mawson carried on sick and all by himself. Brave Guardian Reporter Suffers As Douglas Mawson Did. The Antarctic exploits of Sir Douglas Mawson (1882–1958) rival those of Robert Scott and Ernest Shackleton. Who doesn't love being #1? In 1911, Sir Douglas discovered and mapped 1000 miles of new Antarctic coastline, examined the geology of the continent, discovered King George V land, and greatly enriched scientific knowledge of the Antarctic. It took weeks, but he finally reached the base and was saved. After Shackleton's heroic effort to attain the South Pole, the whole world stood by in anticipation as Scott and Amundsen announced their plans to conquer the extremes and grab the prize at 90°S. Sir Douglas, a noted scholar and courageous leader, became a world-famous figure in the history of polar exploration. From 1911 to 1914 Mawson led the Australasian Antarctic Expedition and from 1929 to 1931 directed the combined British, Australian, and New Zealand Antarctic Expedition. Douglas Mawson is within the scope of WikiProject Australia, which aims to improve Wikipedia's coverage of Australia and Australia-related topics.If you would like to participate, visit the project page. 1882–1958, Australian Antarctic explorer, born … This year the 76-year-old Sir Douglas easily passed his annual test for a driver's licence. Achievements. Douglas Mawson, in full Sir Douglas Mawson, (born May 5, 1882, Shipley, Yorkshire, England—died October 14, 1958, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia), Australian geologist and explorer whose travels in the Antarctic earned him worldwide acclaim. His intellectual boldness and skill were matched by a practical initiative and courage which confirms his place among the world's greatest explorers. A memorial service, arranged by the university, was held at St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide. A member of the scientific staff of Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton’s Antarctic Expedition (1907), Mawson, together with T.W.E. High This article has been rated as High-importance on the project's importance scale. David, reached the south magnetic pole on the high ice plateau of Victoria Land on January 16, 1909. During the first busy year in Adélie Land, when the Hut was full of life and work, there were few moments for reflection. Douglas Mawson was born in Yorkshire, England, moving to Australia at the age of 2. Mawson and five men remained for another year. "He was a great leader with immense courage and resourcefulness. Douglas Mawson was born in Yorkshire on May 5, 1882. It must be, he thought, one of the six huskies pulling the rear sledge. He was born in Shipley, West Yorkshire, England, on 5th May 1882, the son of cloth merchant Robert El.. For his achievements as an explorer and scientist, he was knighted in 1914. Douglas Mawsonattended the Fort Street Model School. This was the last day in the life of a heroic man that changed the way we think about Antarctica! He was the leader of the Australian Antarctic Expedition (AAE), which set out to chart Antarctica's coastline. He later became a professor at the Adelaide University and was made Sir Douglas by the King in 1914. Embarking on the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) with Mawson, John King Davis captained the Aurora with a crew, 31 expeditioners and materials for living huts, and wireless masts to establish the first radio communications in Antarctica. But somehow he made it more than 160 kilometres to the safety of the hut. In November 1912, the Far Easte… Mertz was “near vegetarian”.2, 23 He accepted the need to eat pemmican biscuits, made from dried, powdered beef, as part of the sledging rations, but this is a far cry from being forced to eat the flesh of his beloved dogs. Related Questions. Dragging two sledges, one weighing 606 pounds and the other 250 pounds, they took four months to cover the 250 miles, averaging about two miles a day. In early 1911, Mertz went to London to meet with the Australian geologist and explorer Douglas Mawson. Mawson heard the faint whine of a dog behind him. He was buried at the historic cemetery of Saint Jude's Anglican Church. Mawson arrived alone, his colleague having died from what experts now believe was poisoning from consumption of Husky dog liver. He was the leader of the Australian Antarctic Expedition (AAE), which set out to chart Antarctica's coastline. Douglas Mawson . Mawson was born in England in 1882, and moved to Sydney with his family in 1884. His explorations enabled Australia to claim some 2,500,000 square miles (6,475,000 square km) of the Antarctic continent. Answer. Douglas Mawson: The Psychology of a Survivor "It's dead easy to die; it's the keeping on living that's hard." In 1909 he took his degree of Doctor of Science from Adelaide University, where he was a lecturer in mineralogy and petrology. Douglas Mawson Mawson was born in Yorkshire, .. Founded in 1850, it is Australia’s oldest university as well as its largest. The two men made this landmark journey by sledge. In 1921 he was appointed Professor of Geology at Adelaide University. He served with the British Ministry of Munitions for three-and-a-half years during the First World War. Mawson, who had served as physicist during Ernest Shackleton's 1908–1909 Nimrod expedition, was planning his own Antarctic expedition.. C This article has been rated as C-Class on the project's quality scale. When Douglas was a small child, the Mawson family moved from England to Australia, where Douglas … He was accorded a Commonwealth state funeral and was buried at St Jude's Anglican Church, Brighton. His personal Antarctic achievements include discovering the location of the south magnetic pole as part of Shackleton's Nimrod Expedition, and organizing and leading the first true scientific expedition to Antarctica. After his two companions died, he completed the expedition alone, travelling 160km in 30 days. Douglas Mawson an Australian by adoption was offered a place on Scott's Terra Nova expedition but turned it down to lead the Australasian Antarctic Expedition of 1911 - 1914 sailing on the Aurora. Mertz died on the way and Mawson walked on alone. DOUGLAS MAWSON AND THE NIMROD EXPEDITION An Australian geologist who became Australia’s greatest Antarctic explorer. Sir Douglas Mawson (1882-1958) was an Australian scientist and explorer of the Antarctic. Feature Name: Mawson Bank Feature Type: bar Latitude: 73°30'S Longitude: 174°00'E Description: A bank named for Sir Douglas Mawson. Mawson, a base in Australian Antarctic Territory, commemorates his discovery in 1930 of MacRobertson Land, on whose fringe it lies.He planned a fourth expedition to the Antarctic in 1946, but later retired from it. Five men set up a base at Macquarie Island, while the remainder sailed on the Antarctic continent to establish two bases: the Main Base at Commonwealth Bay led by Mawson, and the Western Base at Queen Mary Land led by Frank Wild. The clip shows the work of cinematographer and photographer Frank Hurley (1885–1962). Sir Douglas Mawson was an English geologist and the pioneer of Australian Antarctic exploration. The explorer who saw his two colleagues DIE, while hundreds of miles from safety? Sir Douglas commanded two more expeditions to the Antarctic in 1929 and 1930-31. At 19 he graduated as a Bachelor of Mining Engineering, and at 22 as a Bachelor of Science. Only Mawson returned. In 1969 a medical analysis concluded that he died from eating too much dog liver with its high concentrations of Vitamin A, which can be toxic to humans. In 1911 (Sir) Douglas Mawson invited Hurley to be official photographer on the Australasian Antarctic Expedition. Sir Douglas Mawson was a colossus of the heroic age of Antarctic exploration who carried the banner of scientific research to the great white continent and established Australia’s territorial claim. He was born in Shipley, West Yorkshire, England, on 5th May 1882, the son of cloth merchant Robert El.. He participated in Shackleton’s ‘Nimrod’ expedition and then went on to lead three further Antarctic expeditions. Mawson passionately lobbied for the federal government to undertake regular Australian Antarctic expeditions, which continue to this day. On January 7 1913, Douglas Mawson stood alone as he looked over the blizzard-swept ice of Antarctica. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... An overview of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14), led by Douglas Mawson. Douglas Mawson synonyms, Douglas Mawson pronunciation, Douglas Mawson translation, English dictionary definition of Douglas Mawson. Mawson's Hut. A scientist before all else, he sought information and knowledge rather than fame, fortune or ‘firsts’. Though less prestigious, this was a wide ranging scientific and exploratory expedition to previously unknown and unvisited regions of the Antarctic continent. ", Sir Douglas Mawson ca. The aim of the project was to set questions at the start then answer them. Sir Douglas Mawson BirthdayFriday, May 05, 1882 BirthplaceShipley, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom DiedTuesday, October 14, 1958 Nationality Australian Occupation Geologist, chemistry demonstrator, Antarctic explorer, academic EducationRooty Hill and Fort Street Model School, Sydney, New South Wales Known for First ascent of Mount Erebus. A granddaughter of Sir Douglas Mawson has died at her home in Berlin, Germany. Douglas Mawson is within the scope of WikiProject Australia, which aims to improve Wikipedia's coverage of Australia and Australia-related topics.If you would like to participate, visit the project page. Ninnis died when he fell down a crevasse, together with the sledge carrying most of their food supplies, and later Mertz became ill and died. He first went to Antarctica with Ernest Shackleton on the 1907-1909 Nimrod expedition when he was one of a party of 3 to reach the Magnetic South Pole for the first time, manhauling a sledge for 122 days over 1260 miles. Australian Antarctic Expedition members inside their living quarters, 1911-1914. The first permanent Antarctic station was named after him. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Douglas-Mawson, Australian Dictionary of Biography - Sir Douglas Mawson, Douglas Mawson - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Douglas Mawson - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The dogs were all on Douglas Mawson's Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) of 1911-14, but the naming is a tribute to all the huskies that underpinned Australian exploration in the icy continent. Sir Douglas Mawson (1882-1958) was an Australian scientist and explorer of the Antarctic. Mawson died at his Brighton home on 14 October 1958 following cerebral haemorrhage. So he was in control of the rations, as we’ve said. Douglas Mawson attends University Mawson studied mining engineering at the University of Sydney between 1902 and 1905. Though less prestigious, this was a wide ranging scientific and exploratory expedition to previously unknown and unvisited regions of the Antarctic continent. DANGLING helplessly in the bowels of a deep ice crevasse, Douglas Mawson considered slipping his spent body from its harness to hasten what seemed to be an inevitable death. Mawson’s Hut and its outbuildings remain largely intact and are of national and international heritage significance. Omissions? Douglas Mawson was born on May 5, 1882, in Shipley, West Yorkshire, England.His parents were Margaret Ann (Moore) and Robert Mawson. Another of his most notable works was the book The Home of the Blizzard (1915). One of Australia’s greatest Antarctic explorers, Douglas Mawson was responsible for one of the most extreme survival stories of all time. He was created a Knight Bachelor in 1914. Landmarks named after Douglas Mawson. Douglas Mawson, in full Sir Douglas Mawson, (born May 5, 1882, Shipley, Yorkshire, England—died October 14, 1958, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia), Australian geologist and explorer whose travels in the Antarctic earned him worldwide acclaim. He later graduated with a degree in mining engineering in 1902. Here, Mawson is pictured with his fellow students. He was a man of science, onset with the noble … Mawson did not know it at the time but in 1912 he was the first person to discover gold in Antarctica. The irony of this choice of pet—Mawson had after all eaten the dog’s mother, Ginger—was not lost on the Australian media. The famous Australian scientist and polar explorer, Sir Douglas Mawson, died tonight, aged 76. Mawson’s plan called for several different sledging parties—31 men in all—to explore different regions and collect data along the way. While there, he studied geology. Douglas Mawson as expedition commander. In Melbourne, Dr Frank Stillwell who was a member of the Australasian Antarctic expedition, which Sir Douglas led in 1911, said: "Sir Douglas was the greatest and most famous of our Antarctic explorers. 1930. Douglas Mawson an Australian by adoption was offered a place on Scott's Terra Nova expedition but turned it down to lead the Australasian Antarctic Expedition of 1911 - 1914 sailing on the Aurora. 1930 Credit:Frank Hurley courtesy of NLA. Register to get answer. C: Yeah- He- Well, that’s what Mawson claims. Sir Douglas Mawson, the unsung hero of Antarctica, gets his due at last This article is more than 7 years old A biography of Sir Douglas Mawson tells how he … Updates? Sir Douglas Mawson and expedition members cheering the raising of the Union Jack flag at Proclamation Harbour, Enderby Land, Antarctica, ca. However, he did not discard his geological specimens. Why did Mertz, and not Mawson, die? The dogs were all on Douglas Mawson's Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) of 1911-14, but the naming is a tribute to all the huskies that underpinned Australian exploration in the icy continent. On an Antarctic expedition 100 years ago, Mawson endured one of the most horrific journeys in the history of exploration. In 1907, he went to the Antarctic as a geologist with the Shackleton expedition, and with Sir William Edgeworth David found the south Magnetic Pole on January 16, 1909. Yet, over the speculative pipe at home after a successful day’s labour on the wireless masts, or out on the turbulent plateau when the hour of hoosh brought the strenuous day to a close, more than one man was heard to say, ‘One year in this country is enough for me’. He had been ill for some years. Appointed by Mawson as the official photographer of the 1911–14 expedition, Hurley … Mawson was knighted in 1914 and one of the Antarctic bases, Mawson Station, was named after him. The expedition landed in Antarctica in early 1912 and proceeded to set up its main base on Commonwealth Bay. One of Australia’s greatest Antarctic explorers, Douglas Mawson was responsible for one of the most extreme survival stories of all time. He was only 16 when he entered Sydney University from Fort Street High School. But make sure you take a coat. Mawson Peak (Heard Island), Mount Mawson (Tasmania), Dorsa Mawson (a wrinkle ridge system on moon), Mawson Station (Antarctica) and a suburb in Canberra have all been named after him In addition to his other activities, Mawson edited and contributed to the 22-volume Reports of Australasian Antarctic Expeditions. His skin was peeling from his feet, he had frostbite and his body was in a bad way from Vitamin A poisoning. 1930.Credit:Frank Hurley courtesy of NLA. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Mawson … University of Sydney, coeducational institution of higher learning in Sydney, nominally private but supported financially by both the Commonwealth of Australia and New South Wales. His bust in the Prince Henry Gardens, outside the University of Adelaide, commemorates the life and work of an outstanding scientist and explorer. n Sir Douglas. The university is composed of six By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He was a great leader with immense courage and resourcefulness. Did you know that Australia lays claim to 42 percent of Antarctica? December 28, 2013. tags: Antarctic. -Douglas Mawson Unlike many of Mawson’s historic counterparts in the Heroic age of Antarctic Exploration, Mawson was known for his drive to explore without the claim to glory other men of the era strived for. Mawson died in 1958. Mawson completed the longest Antarctica man-hauling sledge journey of 122 days. Where did Sir douglas Mawson Die? 2 quotes from Douglas Mawson: 'In no department can a leader spend time more profitably than in the selection of the men who are to accomplish the work.' He appeared to eat more of the nutritious foods than Mertz. Australian Antarctic Expedition members inside their living quarters, 1911-1914.Credit:Frank Hurley courtesy State Library of NSW, 60 years ago Antarctic explorer Sir Douglas Mawson died at 76. Sir Douglas was the author of many scientific papers and the famous book The Home of the Blizzard (1915). Douglas Mawson's colleague with schizophrenia remembered in sad footnote to epic Antarctic expedition. ADELAIDE, Tuesday.— The famous Australian scientist and polar explorer, Sir Douglas Mawson, died tonight, aged 76. We answered our questions and did a little (ok a lot) more. Mawson was born in England in 1882, and moved to Sydney with his family in 1884. ... "I am unable to prevent their folly and so must die a martyr to their bloody mindedness." After graduating, he enrolled in the University of Adelaide. Douglas Mawson Biography, Life, Interesting Facts. First question: did Mawson plan for Mertz to die? Mawson died of cerebral hemorrhage on October 14, 1958 at his home in Brighton. Here, Mawson is pictured with his fellow students. A glimpse, from within the cavern of the Mertz Glacier, Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-1914Credit:Frank Hurley courtesy of NLA. This is refection about what I learned and what I now… Eventually Mertz became too ill to go on and Mawson cared for him in their tent until Mertz died on the morning of January 8th, 1912. Born in England on 5 May 1882, his family immigrated to New South Wales when he was only two. Sir Douglas Mawson and expedition members cheering the raising of the Union Jack flag at Proclamation Harbour, Enderby Land, Antarctica, ca. During the Australasian Antarctic Expedition of 1911–1914, Douglas Mawson and two companions, Belgrave Ninnis and Xavier Mertz, undertook an ill-fated mapping journey. Sir Douglas Mawson and expedition members cheering the raising of the Union Jack flag at Proclamation Harbour, Enderby Land, Antarctica, ca. Asked by Wiki User. Sir Douglas Mawson died on this day from a cerebral haemorrhage. A scientist before all else, he sought information and knowledge rather than fame, fortune or ‘firsts’. In 1911, he discovered a lode of uranium ore in South Australia and published, with Professor T. H. Laby, of Melbourne, the first results of radioactivity obtained in Australia. And now that Mertz is dead, Mawson’s changes of survival are drastically increased. Be the first to answer this question. His name and work in the Antarctic are perpetuated in Australia's first research base on the Antarctic continent. He returned to find his ship Aurora had left a few hours earlier. In spite of a tragedy which involved the death of his companions, and nearly cost him his own life, he achieved results which, for their scope and scientific importance, have never been executed in any similar endeavour. Douglas Mawson's tragic Antarctic trek. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He had been ill for some years. His face appears on the $100 note and his picture has appeared on stamps. The face of a man who could not be broken. As their bases were being established in 1911, Australian geologist Douglas Mawson was quietly organizing an Australasian expedition to chart the 2000-mile coastline directly south of Australia. and 'The tranquillity of the water heightened the superb effects of this glacial world. Mertz died on January 8, 1913, with Mawson attributing his death to ''weather exposure and want of food''. 1930. Credit: Frank Hurley courtesy of NLA. "Future generations of Australians will look back on his life as a source of inspiration.". A year later a ship arrived to get the 6 men and Mawson. He was once described as "one of the greatest figures in all polar exploration, north or south." Battling the ice and snow and nearly falling into a crevasse himself. Sir Douglas Mawson is one of Australia's best known Antarctic explorers. C This article has been rated as C-Class on the project's quality scale. Sir Douglas was the greatest and most famous of our Antarctic explorers. Be the first to answer! Born in England on 5 May 1882, Mawson migrated to … Mawson received a bachelor’s degree in mining engineering from Sydney University in 1902, and his field investigations in the Broken Hill mining area of west-central New South Wales earned him a doctorate in science from the university in 1909. Born in England on 5 May 1882, Mawson migrated to … High This article has been rated as High-importance on the project's importance scale. 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